Index
- 00:23 - γͺγ (non-exist) is the basis of negatives in Japanese. It is the opposite of γγγοΌexists).
- 01:04 - As γͺγ is describing a state of non-action, it is an adjective (unlike γγγwhich is a verb).
- 02:02 - To state that something is not some other specified thing (e.g, this is not a pen, this is not a human). Lets take the example γγγ―γΊγγ§γ―γͺγ (this is not a pen). The thing that you are trying to state that something is not (pen in this case) must be marked with γ§ (γ placed into the γ¦ form) to give it the meaning of βis xβ. The γ― particle is appended to this γ§ to flag it as the topic. The sentence is then ended with the γͺγ adjective to turn it into a negative. γΊγγ§γ― (is pen) now means βis not penβ due to the appended γͺγ.
- 02:23 - To put a godan verb into the negative γͺγ must be attached to the γ-stem of the verb. Verbs can only end in γ-row kana (γ, γ, γ, γ€, γ¬, γΆ, γ, γ). These can be transformed into four alternative βstemsβ or endings (γ-stem, γ-stem, γ-stem, γ-stem). To form the γ stem, the last kana of the verb is shifted from the γ-stem to the γ stem (γ β γ, γ β γ, γ β γ, γ€ β γ, β γ¬ β γͺ, γΆ β γ°, γ β γΎ, γ β γ).
- 05:46 - To place ichidan verbs into the negative, you remove γ and attach γͺγ.
- 06:08 - To append something to an adjective you remove the γ and replace it with γ. You can then append to the γ (e.g γγγ β γγγγͺγ, γγγ β γγγγͺγ). This is how you negate an adjective, and also how you put them into the γ¦-form.
- 06:56 - To put an adjective into past tense you remove the γ and replace it with γγ£γ (γγγ β γγγγ£γ). Placing an adjective into the negative past tense is the same but with γͺγγ£γ instead.
- 08:54 - A verb that is an exception to the prior rule regarding transformation into the negative is γΎγ. γΎγ does not become γΎγγͺγ, it becomes γΎγγ.
- 09:43 - Another exception is γγ, as it is really a shorthand for γγ, it turns back into γγ when making a transformation. γγ does not become γγγ£γ or γγγͺγ, it becomes γγγ£γ and γγγͺγ.